orthophosphoric acid

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orthophosphoric acid

A chemist carefully measures orthophosphoric acid in a laboratory.

Definition
  1. Noun:
    • A specific inorganic acid: Orthophosphoric acid is a mineral (inorganic) acid with the chemical formula H₃PO₄. It is a clear, colorless, odorless, and non-volatile liquid or crystalline solid. It is the most common and important form of phosphoric acid.
Usage
  • Orthophosphoric acid is primarily used as an industrial chemical.
  • It is a key ingredient in the production of phosphate fertilizers, providing essential phosphorus for plant growth.
  • It is used in the manufacturing of detergents and soaps as a pH adjuster and for its cleaning properties.
  • It serves as a food additive (E338) for acidification and flavoring in beverages like colas.
  • It is employed in laboratories and industries for rust removal, metal treatment, and as a chemical intermediate.
Examples
  • Noun:
    • The purity of the orthophosphoric acid is critical for this pharmaceutical process.
    • Farmers rely on fertilizers produced from orthophosphoric acid to enrich the soil.
    • The lab technician handled the diluted orthophosphoric acid with care.
Advanced Usage
  • Technical Context: In chemistry, "orthophosphoric acid" specifically denotes the parent compound H₃PO₄, distinguishing it from other phosphoric acids like metaphosphoric or pyrophosphoric acids. It is a triprotic acid, meaning it can donate three protons (H⁺ ions).
    • The titration curve shows the three distinct equivalence points characteristic of orthophosphoric acid.
Variants and Related Words
  • Phosphoric Acid: Often used as a common name for orthophosphoric acid, though technically "phosphoric acid" can refer to a broader class of compounds.
  • Phosphate (noun): A salt or ester of phosphoric acid, especially of orthophosphoric acid (e.g., calcium phosphate).
  • Orthophosphate (noun): The anion (PO₄³⁻) or salt derived specifically from orthophosphoric acid.
Synonyms
  • Phosphoric(V) acid: A systematic name used in chemical nomenclature.
  • H₃PO₄: The chemical formula, used as a synonym in scientific contexts.
Related Phrases / Compounds
  • Phosphate fertilizer: A major product derived from orthophosphoric acid.
  • Food-grade phosphoric acid: Purified orthophosphoric acid suitable for use in food and beverages.
orthophosphoric acid

A chemist carefully measures orthophosphoric acid in a laboratory.

Noun
  1. an acid used in fertilizers and soaps: H3PO4

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